Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott, 1834
🇬🇧 Male-fern
🇫🇷 Dryoptéride fougère-mâle, Dryoptéris fougère-mâle, Fougère-mâle
Taxonomy
- Kingdom: Plantae
- Clade: Tracheophytes
- Clade: Monilophytes
- Class: Polypodiopsida
- Subclass: Polypodiidae
- Order: Polypodiales
- Suborder: Polypodiineae
- Family: Dryopteridaceae
- Subfamily: Dryopteridoideae
- Genus: Dryopteris
- Species: Dryopteris filix-mas
Presence
Present.
Conservation status
- Red List (Metropolitan France): LC Least Concern
- Red List (Europe): LC Least Concern
Notes
Possible confusion with D. affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenk., 1979, which has a black spot at the junction of the pinnae with the rachis, visible on the abaxial side, while D. filix-mas lacks a black spot at the junction of the pinnae with the rachis.
The following infraspecific taxa are accepted:
- D. filix-mas subsp. brittonii Fraser-Jenk. & Widén, 2006, A;
- D. filix-mas subsp. filix-mas (L.) Schott, 1834: allotetraploid (2n = 164), P;
- D. filix-mas subsp. pseudorigida (Christ) Askerov, 1983.
Hybridizes with:
- D. affinis to produce D. × complexa
- nothosubsp. complanata (Fraser-Jenk.) Fraser-Jenk., 2024: subsp. pseudodisjuncta, P (hom. syn. D. × complanata Fraser-Jenk., 2007);
- nothosubsp. complexa: subsp. affinis, tetraploid (2n = 164)
- nothovar. complexa Fraser-Jenk., 1987: var. affinis, P (hom. syn. D. × complexa Fraser-Jenk., 1987);
- nothovar. contorta (Fraser-Jenk.) Fraser-Jenk., 2024: var paleaceolobata;
- nothovar. eschelmuelleri (Fraser-Jenk.) Fraser-Jenk. & Parris, 2021: var. splendens;
- nothovar. hibernica Fraser-Jenk. & Trewren, 2024: var. kerryensis;
- nothosubsp. convoluta: subsp. cambrensis, pentaploid (2n = 205)
- nothovar. convoluta (Fraser-Jenk.) Fraser-Jenk., 2024: var. cambrensis, P (hom. syn. D. × convoluta Fraser-Jenk., 2007);
- nothovar. occidentalis (Fraser-Jenk.) Fraser-Jenk., 2024: var. paleaceocrispa;
- nothovar. rufosquama Fraser-Jenk., 2024: var. insubrica;
- nothosubsp. critica Fraser-Jenk., 1987: subsp. borreri, pentaploid (2n = 205)
- nothof. critica: f. borreri, P (hom. syn. D. × critica (Fraser-Jenk.) Fraser-Jenk., 2007);
- nothof. urbachensis (S.Jess. & Bujnoch) Fraser-Jenk., 2024: f. dilatata;
- nothosubsp. inconspicua (Fraser-Jenk.) Fraser-Jenk., 2022: subsp. pseudocomplexa, pentaploid (2n = 205);
- nothosubsp. transsilvanica Tlałka, S.Jess., A.Rostański & Rojek, 2019: subsp. jessenii, tetraploid (2n = 164).
- D. carthusiana (Vill.) H.P.Fuchs, 1959 to produce D. × brathaica Fraser-Jenk. & Reichst., 1977, P;
- D. oreades Fomin, 1910 to produce D. × mantoniae Fraser-Jenk. & Corley, 1972, P;
- D. tyrrhena Fraser-Jenk. & Reichst, 1975 to produce D. × ligustica Gibby, S.Jess. & Marchetti, 2024, P.
Photographs
Sources
Badré, F., & Deschatres, R. (1979). Les Ptéridophytes de la France : liste commentée des espèces (taxinomie, cytologie, écologie et répartition générale). Candollea, 34(2), 379-457. https://doi.org/10.5169/seals-880127
Prelli, R., & Boudrie, M. (2024). Les fougères et plantes alliées d’Europe (2nd ed., p. 382). Biotope.
Tison, J.M., & de Foucault, B. (2014). Flora Gallica : Flore de France (p. 12). Biotope.
Väre, H., Bento Elias, R., Christenhusz, M., Dyer, R., Ivanenko, Y., Rouhan, G., & Rumsey, F. (2017). Dryopteris filix-mas (Europe assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2017. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/83646552/85425039